Evaluation of the association between self-reported sleep bruxism and chronotype and sleep quality among dental students / Avaliação da associação entre cronotipo, qualidade do sono e autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre estudantes universitários de Odontologia

ABSTRACT Background Sleep bruxism (BS) is defined as involuntary jaw movements characterized by grinding and clenching teeth. Objective To verify the association between chronotype, sleep quality, and self-reporting of BS in dental students. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 214 undergraduate dental students at a public university in northeast Brazil. The participants answered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire for the identification of chronotype and another questionnaire regarding daily aspects to collect information about sleep quality, self-reported sleep bruxism, the use of sleeping pills, snoring, concentration during daily activities and energy upon waking. Results The prevalence of self-reported sleep bruxism was 11.0%. In the final model, the eveningness chronotype (OR = 23.00; 95% CI: 2.36-223.84, p = 0.007), habitual snoring (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.31-7.39, p = 0.01) and low energy upon waking in the morning (OR = 2.37; 95% CI: 1.96-5.58, p = 0.040) were associated with self-reported sleep bruxism. Conclusion The evening chronotype, presence of snoring, and low energy when waking up in the morning influenced self-reporting of sleep bruxism among undergraduate dental students.

RESUMO Introdução O bruxismo do sono (BS) é definido como movimentos involuntários da mandíbula caracterizados por ranger e apertar os dentes. Objetivo Verificar se o cronotipo e a qualidade do sono estão associados ao autorrelato de BS em graduandos de Odontologia. Método Um estudo transversal com 214 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes responderam ao Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire para identificar os cronotipos e outro questionário sobre aspectos diários em que foram coletadas informações sobre qualidade do sono, autorrelato de bruxismo do sono, uso de pílulas para dormir, ronco, concentração nas atividades diárias, energia ao acordar. Resultados A prevalência de autorrelato do bruxismo do sono foi de 11,0%. No modelo final, o cronotipo noturno (OR = 23,00; 95% IC: 2.36-223.84, p = 0,007), o hábito de roncar (OR = 3,12; 95% IC: 1.31-7.39, p = 0,01) e o baixo nível de energia ao acordar pela manhã (OR = 2,37; 95% IC: 1.96-5.58, p = 0,04) estiveram associados com o autorrelato de BS. Conclusão O cronotipo noturno, a presença do ronco e a baixa energia ao se levantar pela manhã influenciaram o autorrelato de bruxismo do sono entre os estudantes de graduação em Odontologia.

COVID-19: The Impact of Social Isolation on Mood, Behavior and Biological Rhythms

Background: A new strain of Corona virus, SARS- CoV-2, emerged in the Wuhan city of China in December 2019. Due to fast and easy transmission of this respiratory virus the world was under a lockdown for a long time. The purpose of this study was to find out changes in behavior, mood and biological rhythm of people as a result of social distancing and isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The study was conducted in the months of April and May 2020. This was the time when the lockdown was at its peak. It used a self-rating web based structured questionnaire formulated on Google forms which was circulated through different platforms for people to fill after giving their consents. Results: Highest numbers of respondents were from India (30.2%), USA (21.5%) and UK (11.5%). Our results showed that 46.3% subjects experienced an increase in problems related to sleep. Even though they were getting sufficient amounts of sleep, it was unstructured, and the quality of sleep was affected. The appetite was seen to be good with 68.2% reporting no changes. There was an increase in substance use in 43.8% of the participants while in the lockdown. Our study revealed that 34.2% participants had anxiety and 15.2% showed depressive symptoms. More than 50% respondent’s perceived lack of motivation, lack of energy, nervousness and irritability, and 13.4% reported having suicidal thoughts regularly. Conclusions: This data shows that social isolation due to the COVID-19 lockdown has caused significant changes in the mood, behavior and biological rhythm of people.

Clinical evaluation of biological rhythm domains in patients with major depression

Objective: Sleep, physical activity, and social domains of biological rhythm disruptions may have specific effects on the symptom cluster and severity of depression. However, there is a lack of structured clinical evaluation to specify the domains of biological rhythms in patients with depression. Methods: Ninety drug-naïve subjects with depression and 91 matched healthy controls were recruited for the study. The severity of depression was examined with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), while biological rhythm was evaluated using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Results: Patients with depression showed significantly greater biological rhythm disturbances than healthy controls in all domains of BRIAN (sleep, activity, social, and eating). BRIAN-Total correlated positively with HRSD-Total and HRSD-Total without sleep cluster. The sleep and activity domains correlated significantly with HRSD-Total score. Additionally, the sleep, activity, and social domains correlated significantly with HRSD-Total without the sleep cluster score. Regression analysis revealed the activity (β = 0.476, t = 5.07, p<0.001) and sleep (β = 0.209, t = 2.056, p = 0.043) domains may predict HRSD-Total score. Conclusion: Consideration of biological rhythm domains in clinical examination and focusing on the sleep and activity domains may hold promise for the management of depression.

Relationship between circadian rhythm related brain dysfunction and bipolar disorder / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes of functional connectivity (FC) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of patients with bipolar disorder and perform a cluster analysis of patients with bipolar disorder based on FC.@*METHODS@#The study recruited 138 patients with bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosed according to the 4th edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) and 150 healthy control subjects. All the participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance brain scans. DPARSF software was used to generate the FC diagram of the SCN. Based on the FC data, principal components analysis (PCA) and k-means in scikit-learn 0.20.1 were used for cluster analysis of the patients with bipolar disorder.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy controls, the patients showed enhanced functional connections between the SCN and the paraventricular nucleus and between the SCN and the dorsomedial hypothalamus nucleus. Based on these FC values, the optimal cluster of unsupervised k-means machine learning for bipolar disorder was 2, and the Silhouette coefficient was 0.49.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with bipolar disorder have changes in the FC of the SCN, and the FC of the rhythm pathway can divide bipolar disorder into two subtypes, suggesting that biological rhythm is one of the potential biomarkers of bipolar disorder.

Similarities of Aspects of Biological Rhythms between Major Depression and Bipolar II Disorder Compared to Bipolar I Disorder: A Finding from the Early-Onset Mood Disorder Cohort

OBJECTIVE: The biological rhythm is closely related to mood symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in biological rhythms among subjects with mood disorder [bipolar I disorder (BD I), bipolar II disorder (BD II), major depressive disorder (MDD)] and healthy control subjects.METHODS: A total of 462 early-onset mood disorder subjects were recruited from nine hospitals. The controls subjects were recruited from the general population of South Korea. Subject groups and control subject were evaluated for the Korean language version of Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (K-BRIAN) at the initial evaluation.RESULTS: The mean K-BRIAN scores were 35.59 [standard deviation (SD)=13.37] for BD I, 43.05 (SD=11.85) for BD II, 43.55 (SD=12.22) for MDD, and 29.1 (SD=8.15) for the control group. In the case of mood disorders, biological rhythm disturbances were greater than that in the control group (p<0.05). A significant difference existed between BD I and BD II (BD I <BD II, p<0.001) and between BD I and MDD (BD I<MDD, p< 0.001) but no difference was observed between BD II and MDD.CONCLUSION: BD II and MDD are similar to each other but different from BD I in biological rhythm patterns in early-onset mood disorder cases. Biological rhythm disturbances are similar for early-onset major depression and BD II.

Construction of a biological rhythm assessment scale for children / Construção de uma escala de avaliação do ritmo biológico para crianças

Abstract Introduction Biological rhythm is associated with the level of alertness, cognitive performance and mood of the individuals. Its regularity is essential to preserve good health and quality of life. Objective To present the steps for the construction of the scale entitled Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K), designed to measure biological rhythm disruptions in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods Items were developed following the adult version of the scale. Analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the scale was based on the responses of 373 parents/caregivers of school age children (7 and 8 years old). Results A theoretical model of 17 items with the purpose of evaluating four domains (sleep, activities, social rhythm and eating pattern) was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and via identification of a general factor. The psychometric properties of the BRIAN-K showed favorable properties. Conclusion Only two items needed to be rewritten. Further studies are needed to investigate the instrument's adequacy to different age groups and additional evidence of validity and reliability.

Resumo Introdução O ritmo biológico está associado ao nível de alerta, desempenho cognitivo e humor dos indivíduos. Sua regularidade é essencial para preservar uma boa saúde e qualidade de vida. Objetivo Apresentar as etapas de construção da escala intitulada Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K), criada para medir disrupturas do ritmo biológico em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos Os itens foram desenvolvidos seguindo a versão adulta da escala. A análise das características psicométricas da escala se baseou nas respostas de 373 pais/cuidadores de crianças em idade escolar (7 e 8 anos). Resultados Um modelo teórico de 17 itens, com o objetivo de avaliar quatro domínios do ritmo biológico (sono, atividades, ritmo social e padrão alimentar) foi determinado usando análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e pela identificação de um fator geral. As propriedades psicométricas da BRIAN-K mostraram-se satisfatórias. Conclusão Apenas dois itens precisaram ser reescritos. São necessários mais estudos para investigar a adequação do instrumento a diferentes faixas etárias e evidências adicionais de validade e confiabilidade.

Validation of the Korean Version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry

OBJECTIVE: The Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) is a scale used to clinically evaluate disturbances in biological rhythm. In this study, we aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the BRIAN (K-BRIAN) in a Korean population. METHODS: A total of 181 participants, including 141 outpatients with bipolar disorder (BD; type I, 62; type II, 79) and 40 controls, were recruited. Construct validity was tested by comparing the mean K-BRIAN scores of the BD patients and control subjects. Concurrent validity was tested by evaluating the association between the K-BRIAN and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS: The mean K-BRIAN scores of the control subjects and patients with BD differed significantly (p < 0.001). Particularly, the mean K-BRIAN score was considerably lower among control subjects (mean±standard deviation=35.00±8.88) than among patients with BD type I (41.19±12.10) and type II (50.18±13.73). The Cronbach’s alpha for the K-BRIAN was 0.914. The K-BRIAN was found to correlate with the MEQ (r=-0.45, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings affirm that the K-BRIAN has good construct validity and internal consistency. This suggests that the K-BRIAN can be used to assess biological rhythms in the Korean population, especially for patients with mood disorder.

The Mood Rhythm Instrument: development and preliminary report

Objective: To describe the initial steps in the development and validation of a new self-reported instrument designed to assess daily rhythms of mood symptoms, namely, the Mood Rhythm Instrument. Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts took part in systematic meetings to plan the construction of the instrument. Clarity of items, their relevance to evaluation of mood states, and the consistency of findings in relation to the available evidence on the biological basis of mood disorders were investigated. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. Results: All of the items proposed in a first version were well rated in terms of clarity. The items more frequently rated as “rhythmic” were related to the somatic symptoms of mood. Their peaks in 24 hours were more frequent in the morning. The items associated with affective symptoms of mood were rated as less rhythmic, and their peak in 24 hours occurred more frequently in the afternoon and evening. Males and females behaved more similarly with respect to somatic than behavioral-affective items. The second version of the Mood Rhythm Instrument had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73. Conclusion: The proposed Mood Rhythm Instrument may be able to detect individual rhythms of cognitive and behavioral measures associated with mood states. Validation in larger samples and against objective measures of rhythms, such as actigraphy, is warranted.

Analysis on structure and expression pattern of BpHMGR gene in Betula platyphylla / 中草药

Objective: To study the full-length gene structure characteristics and coding protein properties of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (BpHMGR) from Betula platyphylla (birch). This reveals the mechanism of rhythm expression pattern and its signaling molecule in response to exogenous NO. Methods: The BpHMGR gene in birch was cloned by RACE technology. BpHMGR and its encoded protein were analyzed in detail by bioinformatics software. And the expression pattern in the circadian variation of BpHMGR gene was analyzed by real-time PCR. Results: The full-length of BpHMGR gene was 1764 bp, contained the complete ORF, encoding 587 amino acids (Genebank ID: KJ197336). According to BpHMGR amino acid sequence, phylogenetic tree was constructed. And the effect of circadian rhythm and exogenous NO on the transcription level of BpHMGR in the leaves of B. platyphylla was investigated. Conclusion: BpHMGR gene, soybean (XP_003519474.1), grape (XP_002275827.1), and alfalfa (XP_003617066.1) have close genetic relationship. BpHMGR changes with the diurnal cycle showing the expression characteristics of rhythm, and reaches the peak at 9 pm. The up-regulation expression of key enzyme gene HMGR in the exogenous NO-induced birch intracellular triterpenoids metabolic pathway is initially revealed, so as to promote the synthesis of triterpene oleanolic acid product.

Efeito do fotoperíodo no crescimento, consumo alimentar e qualidade da carcaça de tilápias invertidas / Photoperiod effect on growth, feed intake and carcass quality reversed tilapia / Efecto de fotoperiodo en el crecimiento, consumo alimentar y calidad de caparazón de tilapias invertidas

A incidência luminosa pode induzir diversos efeitos sobre o crescimento, alimentação, desenvolvimento e reprodução de peixes. O fotoperíodo é sinal principal para maior influência sobre o ritmo circadiano dos peixes e pode afetar o ganho de peso, a ingestão de alimento e a utilização de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes regimes de fotoperíodo no crescimento, consumo alimentar e qualidade da carcaça de tilápias invertidas, em um sistema fechado. Foram utilizados 150 alevinos de tilápias invertidas, provenientes da estação de piscicultura. Os peixes foram acondicionados e distribuídos em 15 aquários com a capacidade de 65 litros cada um, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos diferenciarão nas simulações dos fotoperíodos emerais (horas de luz) que durarão T1= 24 horas de escuro, T2= 12 horas de escuro e 12 horas de Luz, T3= 24 horas de luz. Cada peixe foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Não houve diferença significativa para desempenho, mas houve diferença para Índice gonadossomático (IGS). Conclui-se que o fotoperíodo (12L:12E) promove melhor índice gonadossomático em tilápia. Para melhor qualidade de carcaça e desempenho produtivo sugere o fotoperíodo (24L:0E).

The light incidence can induce different effects on growth, feeding and development and reproduction of fish. The photoperiod is the main signal for greater influence on the circadian rhythm of the fish and can affect weight gain, feed intake and energy use. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of different photoperiodic regimes on growth, feed intake and carcass tilapia quality reversed in a closed system. 150 were used fry reversed tilapia, from fish farming station. The fish were packed and distributed in 15 tanks with a capacity of 65 liters each, in a completely randomized design with three treatments and five repetitions. Treatments differentiate in the simulations of emerais photoperiod (light hours) that will last T1 = 24 hours dark, T2 = 12 hours of darkness and 12 hours light, T3 = 24 hours of light. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. There was no significant difference in performance, but there were differences for IGS. I conclude that the photoperiod (12L: 12D) promotes better GSI in tilapia. To better carcass quality and growth performance suggests the photoperiod (24L: 0D).

La incidencia de luz puede inducir diversos efectos sobre el crecimiento, alimentación, desarrollo y reproducción de peces. El fotoperiodo es la señal principal de una mayor influencia en el ritmo circadiano de los peces y puede afectar la ganancia de peso, la ingestión de alimento y el consumo de energía. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido demostrar los efectos de diferentes regímenes de fotoperiodo sobre el crecimiento, consumo alimentar y calidad de caparazón de tilapias invertidas, en un sistema cerrado. Se utilizaron 150 alevines de tilapias invertidas, provenientes de la estación de piscicultura. Los peces fueron acondicionados y distribuidos en 15 tanques con una capacidad de 65 litros cada uno, en un diseño completamente al azar, con tres tratamientos y cinco repeticiones. Los tratamientos se diferencian en las simulaciones de fotoperiodos emerales (horas de luz) que durarán T1 = 24 horas de oscuridad, T2 = 12 horas de oscuridad y 12 horas de luz, T3 = 24 horas de luz. Cada pez fue considerado una unidad experimental. No hubo diferencia significativa en el rendimiento, pero hubo diferencia para el Índice Gonadosomático (IGS). Se concluye que el fotoperiodo (12L: 12D) promueve mejor GSI en tilapia. Para mejor calidad de caparazón y rendimiento de la producción se sugiere fotoperiodo (24L: 0E).

Effect of light rhythm on the expression of cryptochrom 2 in retina / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The cryptochrom 2 (Cry2)in mammalian retina is a main influential factor of circadian clock.Objective Purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light exposure rhythm on expression of Cry2 in retina.Methods Thirty clean healthy Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were collected and divided into two groups randomly.The rats of the control group exposed to natural light with the normal rhythm for 30 days,but rats of the experimental group exposed to the artificial light (light: dark =18 hours:6 hours) for 3 months with the light intensity of(533± 16)lx.The histopathological change and ultrastructural alteration of rat retina in both groups were examined under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope at the end of the experiment.Expressions of Cry2 protein and its mRNA were assayed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR(Q-PCR).Results The rat retinal morphology and ultrastructure were clear and order-arranged under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope in the control group.However,atrophy and disorganization of retina were found under the light microscope,and liquefaction and vacuole of outer segments of photoreceptors were observed.The vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria in the inner segments of photoreceptors,cellular nuclear shrinkage,chromatin margination,nuclear notch and destruction were seen in the outer nuclear layer under the transmission electron microscope.Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Cry2 protein located in cytoplasm and nuclei membrane of the retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer in both normal rats and experimental rats.The scores of Cry2 protein expression were 0.833±0.197 in the experimental group,and 1.700±0.245 in the control group,with a significant difference between them (P=0.009).The quantities of Cry2 mRNA were 0.962 ± 0.125 in the control group and 0.615±0.100 in the experimental group,showing a significant difference between the two groups (P =0.006).Conclusions Long-term light exposure under the 533 lx leads to retinal structural and functional damage probably by down-regulating Cry2 expression in retina.Whether the regulation of Cry2 expression is helpful for stabilizing the biorhythm or not is a worthy question to explore.

O conceito de tempo na percepção de crianças e adolescentes / The concept of time in the perception of children and adolescents

INTRODUCTION: Children and adolescents use different markers to elaborate the concept of time, and such markers change along their development. The objective of the present article was to analyze changes in time concepts in different age groups. METHODS: The study included 81 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, attending elementary or high school at a public school in southern Brazil. Participants were asked to provide their definition of time, either orally (children) or in writing (older children and adolescents). RESULTS: Twenty-one words were identified as related with the definition of time. The term "hours" was the most frequently cited (24.7%), followed by "clock" and "family" (11.1% each). Among children aged 6 to 8 years, "family" was the term most frequently mentioned to refer to time. Between 9 to 11 years of age, the notion of time was essentially related to the use of a clock, and in the 12-17-year age group, time was mostly associated with the word "days." The word "family" appears to be a frequent temporal marker in childhood, but loses this function during adolescence, as new social relationships are established. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the concept of time varies according to age. Chronobiological studies should therefore take into consideration the temporal perception peculiar to each age group.

INTRODUÇÃO: Crianças e adolescentes utilizam diferentes marcadores para a construção do conceito de tempo, os quais se modificam ao longo do desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar mudanças em conceitos temporais e suas transições ao longo da idade. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 81 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 6 e 17 anos, estudantes do ensino médio e fundamental de uma escola pública do sul do Brasil. Solicitou-se aos participantes que informassem sua definição de tempo, verbalmente (crianças) ou por escrito (crianças mais velhas e adolescentes). RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 21 palavras relacionadas com a definição de tempo. O termo "horas" foi o mais citado (24,7%), seguido de "relógio" e "família" (11,1% cada). Entre 6 e 8 anos, o termo "família" foi o mais frequentemente mencionado para se referir ao tempo. Entre 9 e 11 anos, a noção de tempo esteve relacionada ao uso do relógio, e entre 12 e 17 anos, o tempo foi associado principalmente à palavra "dias". Na infância, o termo "família" é um marcador temporal recorrente, mas perde tal significado na adolescência, à medida que surgem novas relações sociais. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o conceito de tempo varia conforme a idade. Portanto, estudos cronobiológicos devem considerar a percepção temporal própria para cada faixa etária.

Advances in the detection methods for the biological rhythm period / 国际生物医学工程杂志

The period detection of the biological rhythms is one ofthe hot topics in the research of chronobiology,which will help to understand the mechanism of pathological changes and how the function of the clock genes affect the organism and thus guide clinical drug administration and treatment timely.Some new methods for detecting the periods of the biological rhythms,including Lomb-Scargle periodogram,spectral analysis based on Cosinor method(e.g.Percent Rhythm Spectrum and Reverse EHiptie Spectrum),and the Maximum Entropy Spectral Analysis(MESA),ale introduced in this paper.Advantages and disadvantages of the methods ale reviewed and some suggestions to the research in the future are also proposed.These methods provide promising approaches for detecting the precise periods of the biological rhythms and discovering the rule of the changes of the biological rhythms.

Significance of Biological Rhythm on Selective Nocte Treatment on Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy / 实用儿科临床杂志

0.05).The adverse effect of treatment group was significantly less than control group(P

Biological Rhythm in Livestock

The animal time structure is a basic fact of life, no matter if one wants to study it or not. The time- dependent, mostly rhythmic, and thus to a certain degree predictable, variations of biochemical and physiological functions and of sensitivity and resistance to many environmental agents are often quite large and offer not only new insight into animal physiology and pathology but also diagnostic possibilities and therapeutic advantages. Chronobiology, chronophysiology and its subspecialities, like chronopharmacology and chronotherapy, will certainly play an important role in the clinical medicine of the future. Successful application of chronobiology to veterinary clinical medicine, however, depends critically on a thorough knowledge of its basic principles.